CSS custom properties enable dynamic styling with reusable values. Here's how to use them effectively.
Basic Syntax
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Scope and Inheritance
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Dynamic Theming
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JavaScript Integration
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Responsive Values
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Calculations
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Color Systems
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Component Patterns
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Animation Properties
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Typography Scale
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Spacing System
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Fallback Strategies
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Best Practices
Naming:
✓ Use semantic names (--color-primary)
✓ Be consistent with conventions
✓ Group related variables
✓ Document purpose
Organization:
✓ Define globals in :root
✓ Scope to components when needed
✓ Use for repeated values
✓ Create systems (colors, spacing)
Performance:
✓ Custom properties are fast
✓ Avoid deeply nested vars
✓ Use for dynamic values
✓ Prefer for theming
Avoid:
✗ Using for single-use values
✗ Over-nesting var() calls
✗ Forgetting fallbacks
✗ Inconsistent naming
Conclusion
CSS custom properties bring programming-like flexibility to stylesheets. Use them for theming, design systems, responsive values, and component customization. Combined with JavaScript, they enable dynamic styling without style recalculation. Build consistent, maintainable styles by creating systems for colors, typography, and spacing.