Infrastructure as Code (IaC) treats infrastructure like software: versioned, tested, and repeatable. Terraform is the leading tool for declarative infrastructure management across cloud providers.
Core Concepts#
Declarative vs Imperative#
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Providers#
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Resources and Data Sources#
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Variables and Outputs#
Input Variables#
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Outputs#
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State Management#
Remote State#
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State Commands#
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Modules#
Creating a Module#
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Using Modules#
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Workspaces#
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Best Practices#
Project Structure#
infrastructure/
├── environments/
│ ├── development/
│ │ ├── main.tf
│ │ ├── variables.tf
│ │ └── terraform.tfvars
│ ├── staging/
│ └── production/
├── modules/
│ ├── vpc/
│ ├── ecs-cluster/
│ └── rds/
└── global/
├── iam/
└── dns/
Naming Conventions#
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Prevent Accidental Destruction#
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CI/CD Integration#
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Conclusion#
Terraform enables reproducible, version-controlled infrastructure. Start with simple resources, graduate to modules for reusability, and use remote state for team collaboration.
Treat infrastructure code like application code: review changes, test in lower environments, and automate deployments. The investment in IaC pays dividends in reliability and speed.