The fs module provides comprehensive file system operations. Here's how to use it effectively.
Reading Files
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Writing Files
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File Streams
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Directory Operations
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File Information
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File Operations
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Watching Files
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Temporary Files
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File Locking
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Error Handling
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Best Practices
Performance:
✓ Use streams for large files
✓ Prefer async over sync methods
✓ Batch operations when possible
✓ Use proper highWaterMark
Safety:
✓ Handle errors properly
✓ Check permissions before operations
✓ Use atomic writes for critical data
✓ Clean up temporary files
Paths:
✓ Use path.join for cross-platform
✓ Resolve relative paths
✓ Sanitize user-provided paths
✓ Handle special characters
Organization:
✓ Use fs/promises module
✓ Create helper functions
✓ Abstract file operations
✓ Test with mock file system
Conclusion
Node.js provides comprehensive file system APIs. Use promise-based methods for modern code, streams for large files, and proper error handling. Always consider cross-platform compatibility and security when working with file paths.