Proper indexing dramatically improves query performance. Here's how to index effectively.
Index Types
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Basic Indexes
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Partial Indexes
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Expression Indexes
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JSONB Indexes
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Full-Text Search Indexes
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Array Indexes
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Query Analysis
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Index Maintenance
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Common Patterns
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When NOT to Index
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Best Practices
Design:
✓ Index columns in WHERE clauses
✓ Index columns in JOIN conditions
✓ Index columns in ORDER BY
✓ Consider column order in compound indexes
Optimization:
✓ Use EXPLAIN ANALYZE
✓ Create partial indexes for subsets
✓ Use covering indexes for hot queries
✓ Remove unused indexes
Maintenance:
✓ Monitor index usage
✓ Reindex periodically
✓ Check for bloat
✓ Use CONCURRENTLY for production
Conclusion
Effective indexing requires understanding query patterns and PostgreSQL's index types. Use B-tree for most cases, GIN for arrays and JSONB, and partial indexes for filtered queries. Monitor usage with pg_stat_user_indexes and always test with EXPLAIN ANALYZE.