Secrets—API keys, database passwords, certificates—are prime targets for attackers. Proper secrets management protects your systems and your users.
The Problem#
Common mistakes:
❌ Hardcoded secrets in code
❌ Secrets in version control
❌ Shared credentials across environments
❌ No rotation policy
❌ Secrets in plain text logs
Consequences:
- Data breaches
- Unauthorized access
- Compliance violations
- Reputation damage
Environment Variables#
Basic Approach#
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Limitations#
Environment variables are NOT secure:
- Visible in process listings
- Passed to child processes
- May appear in crash dumps
- No access control
- No audit logging
- No rotation support
Use for: Development, simple deployments
Don't use for: Production with sensitive secrets
Secret Managers#
HashiCorp Vault#
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AWS Secrets Manager#
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Kubernetes Secrets#
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External Secrets Operator#
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Secret Rotation#
Automated Rotation#
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Application Support#
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Best Practices#
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Conclusion#
Secrets management is a critical security practice. Start with environment variables for development, graduate to a secrets manager for production, and implement rotation for long-lived credentials.
Treat secrets like the keys to your kingdom—because they are.