TypeScript enums have quirks. Here's when to use them and better alternatives.
Numeric Enums
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String Enums
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Const Enums
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String Literal Unions (Preferred)
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Object as Enum
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Discriminated Unions
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Helper Utilities
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When to Use What
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Migration from Enums
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Best Practices
Prefer:
✓ String literal unions for types
✓ Const objects for runtime values
✓ Discriminated unions for state
✓ const enum only when needed
Avoid:
✗ Regular numeric enums
✗ Heterogeneous enums
✗ Enums when simple types work
✗ Over-engineering simple cases
Consider:
✓ Bundle size impact
✓ Runtime iteration needs
✓ Type safety requirements
✓ Team familiarity
Conclusion
TypeScript enums have their place but often better alternatives exist. String literal unions provide type safety without runtime overhead. Const objects give both runtime values and type safety. Discriminated unions handle complex state elegantly. Reserve enums for bitwise operations or when you specifically need their behavior.