Template literals provide powerful string interpolation and multi-line strings with backtick syntax.
Basic Syntax
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Multi-line Strings
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Nested Templates
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Tagged Templates
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HTML Escaping
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CSS-in-JS Pattern
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SQL Query Builder
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Internationalization
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Debug Logging
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Regular Expressions
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String.raw
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Best Practices
Basic Usage:
✓ Use for string interpolation
✓ Use for multi-line strings
✓ Use for HTML/SQL templates
✓ Trim when whitespace matters
Tagged Templates:
✓ Use for escaping (HTML, SQL)
✓ Use for DSLs (CSS-in-JS)
✓ Use for i18n
✓ Document tag function behavior
Performance:
✓ Tagged templates are cached
✓ Avoid complex logic in interpolations
✓ Use for clarity, not everywhere
✓ Consider template caching for repeated use
Avoid:
✗ Overusing for simple strings
✗ Deep nesting without reason
✗ Forgetting to escape user input
✗ Complex expressions in ${}
Conclusion
Template literals simplify string interpolation with ${} syntax and enable multi-line strings. Tagged templates unlock powerful patterns like HTML escaping, CSS-in-JS, SQL query builders, and i18n. Use String.raw when you need literal backslashes. Always escape user input in HTML contexts to prevent XSS vulnerabilities.